South Asia - Revision history

Editor: /* FCTC Implementation status United NationsUnited Nations Treaty collection, 2019, accessed February 2020 */

2020-02-27T00:44:45Z

FCTC Implementation status United NationsUnited Nations Treaty collection, 2019, accessed February 2020

Editor: /* India */

2020-02-19T16:51:40Z

India

Editor: /* Tobacco Cultivation and Manufacturing in South Asia */

2020-02-19T16:21:58Z

Tobacco Cultivation and Manufacturing in South Asia

Editor: /* Tobacco Industry in South Asia */

2020-02-19T16:21:23Z

Tobacco Industry in South Asia

Editor: /* Tobacco Industry in South Asia */

2020-02-19T16:19:41Z

Tobacco Industry in South Asia

Editor: /* Tobacco Industry in South Asia */

2020-02-19T16:17:40Z

Tobacco Industry in South Asia

Editor: /* Background */

2020-02-19T16:16:36Z

Background

Editor: /* ’’TobaccoUnmaskedSouth.Asia’’ resources */

2020-02-19T16:16:05Z

’’TobaccoUnmaskedSouth.Asia’’ resources

Editor: /* ’’TobaccoUnmaskedSouth.Asia’’ resources */

2020-02-19T16:15:44Z

’’TobaccoUnmaskedSouth.Asia’’ resources

Editor: /* Tobacco Cultivation and Manufacturing in South Asia */

2020-02-19T16:15:07Z

Tobacco Cultivation and Manufacturing in South Asia

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 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan | Bhutan]] - Signed: 9 December 2003; Ratified: 23 August 2004<Ref name=Bhutan>Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/bhutan/Bhuthan] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – India | India]] - Signed: 10 September 2003; Ratified: 5 February 2004<Ref name=India >Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/india/India] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>
-*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Maldives | Maldives]] - Signed: 17 May 2004; Ratified: 20 May 2004<Ref name=Maldives >Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/maldives/Maldives] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>
+*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Maldives | Maldives]] - Signed: 17 May 2004; Ratified: 20 May 2004<Ref name=Maldives >Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/maldives/Maldives] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Nepal | Nepal]] - Signed: 3 December 2003; Ratified: 7 November 2006<Ref name=Nepal >Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/nepal/Nepal] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Pakistan | Pakistan]] - Signed: 18 May 2004; Ratified: 3 November 2004<Ref name=Pakistan>Tobacco Atlas [https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/pakistan/Pakistan] 2020, Accessed February 2020</Ref>

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 Bhutan has completely banned the tobacco trade from 2004, thus, does not have a formal industry. However, users can import a limited amount of tobacco products for their own use and majority are imported from India and China.<Ref=Bhutan2020/>
 ===India===
-In India ITC Private Limited currently holds 84.27%  of the market shares based on sale.<Ref name= Market> Market Watch. [https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/tobacco-market-latest-industry-scenario-future-forecast-key-players-are-itc-ltdgolden-tobacco-company-ltd-and-pataka-industries-pvt-ltd-2019-09-02 Tobacco Market Latest Industry Scenario & Future Forecast, Key Players are ITC Ltd., Golden Tobacco Company Ltd. and Pataka Industries Pvt. Ltd], 02 September 2019, accessed February 2020</ref>
+In India ITC Private Limited, a partially state-owned company with an investment of British American Tobacco, currently holds 84.27% of the market share.<Ref name= Market> Market Watch. [https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/tobacco-market-latest-industry-scenario-future-forecast-key-players-are-itc-ltdgolden-tobacco-company-ltd-and-pataka-industries-pvt-ltd-2019-09-02 Tobacco Market Latest Industry Scenario & Future Forecast, Key Players are ITC Ltd., Golden Tobacco Company Ltd. and Pataka Industries Pvt. Ltd], 02 September 2019, accessed February 2020</ref>
 ===Maldives===
 Tobacco Industry in Maldives mostly includes importers, distributors and wholesalers as there is only a minor proportion of local manufacturing (bidi). Maldives imports various brands of cigarettes (Camel, Marlboro, Dunhill, American Legend and Benson & Hedges), shisha tobacco and other tobacco products. Main importers are CGT Maldives (Agents Japan Tobacco International (JTI)), Blenx Maldives (Agents for Philip Morris International (PMI)), Lotus Fihaara (Agents for American Legend) , OCC Pvt Ltd (Agents for [[Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC)]], various shisha tobacco and vaping products), Grape Expectations Pvt Ltd (for various shisha tobacco brands), Maldives Airports Company Limited (imports various brands and products for airport duty free), NAMCO Pvt Ltd (Importers of Akij Biri, commonly used by Bangladeshi expatriate workers)<ref name=CustomsStatistics> Health Protection Agency, Ministry of Health, 2017, accessed February 2020</ref>

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 India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal are cultivating and manufacturing tobacco products while Maldives and Bhutan do not.<Ref name=Afghanistan/><Ref name=Bangladesh/><Ref name=Bhutan/><Ref name=India/><Ref name=Maldives/><Ref name=Nepal/><Ref name=Pakistan/><Ref name=SriLanka/> India being the 3rd largest tobacco cultivators in the world has around 0.25% of India's cultivated land for tobacco production.<Ref name=UN>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. [http://www.fao.org/3/y4997e/y4997e0h.htm#bm17 Issues in the Global Tobacco Economy]2003, Accessed February 2020</ref><Ref name=Fact>Fact Fish. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190728233146/http://www.factfish.com/statistic/tobacco,%20production%20quantity Tobacco, production quantity (tons) - for all countries], 2017, accessed February 2020</ref> Pakistan is the 8th largest tobacco growing country in the world.<ref name=Fact/>
-Almost 100% of the tobacco used for cigarette manufacturing in Sri Lanka is cultivated in the country, which approximately 3000 tons of tobacco.<ref name=Fact/><ref name = CTCAnnualReport2015/><ref>Sri Lanka Excise Department. [http://www.excise.gov.lk/web/images/stories/downloads/annualreports/EXCISE%20DIPARTMENT%20PERFORMANCE%20REPORT%202014.pdf Sri Lanka Excise Department Performance Report 2014], Colombo: Sri Lanka Excise Department, 2015, accessed November 2016</ref>
+Almost 100% of the tobacco used for cigarette manufacturing in Sri Lanka is cultivated in the country, which approximately 3000 tons of tobacco.<ref name=Fact/><ref>Sri Lanka Excise Department. [http://www.excise.gov.lk/web/images/stories/downloads/annualreports/EXCISE%20DIPARTMENT%20PERFORMANCE%20REPORT%202014.pdf Sri Lanka Excise Department Performance Report 2014], Colombo: Sri Lanka Excise Department, 2015, accessed November 2016</ref>
 In Nepal, tobacco growing is only a small fraction of agriculture in Nepal, with only 0.04% of agricultural land area used for tobacco cultivation. Tobacco cultivation is showing a decreasing trend in Nepal and almost all the tobacco cultivated in the country is used for local manufacturing of cigarettes.<Ref name=Nepal/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 19 February 2020
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−	[[Image:PhilipMorrisInternational.jpg \|~~400px~~\|thumb\|center\| Image 2: Philip Morris International subsidiaries in South Asia<ref name = Philip/>]]	+	[[Image:PhilipMorrisInternational.jpg \|800px\|thumb\|center\| Image 2: Philip Morris International subsidiaries in South Asia<ref name = Philip/>]]

	[https://www.jti.com/ Japan Tobacco International (JTI)] trades in Bangladesh and Nepal.<Ref name=JTIB>Japan Tobacco International [https://www.jti.com/asia/bangladesh Japan Tobacco International in Bangladesh], undated, accessed February2020</Ref><Ref name= Bllombetg>Lisa Du. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-06/japan-tobacco-to-buy-bangladesh-cigarette-maker-for-1-5-billion Japan Tobacco to Acquire Bangladesh Company for $1.5 Billion], 06 August 2018, accessed February 2020</ref> JTI products are imported to Nepal via CG EXIM (Nepal) PVT Limited.<Ref name= JTIN> Japan Tobacco International. [https://www.jti.com/asia/nepal Japan Tobacco International in Nepal], undated, accessed February 2020</ref>		[https://www.jti.com/ Japan Tobacco International (JTI)] trades in Bangladesh and Nepal.<Ref name=JTIB>Japan Tobacco International [https://www.jti.com/asia/bangladesh Japan Tobacco International in Bangladesh], undated, accessed February2020</Ref><Ref name= Bllombetg>Lisa Du. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-06/japan-tobacco-to-buy-bangladesh-cigarette-maker-for-1-5-billion Japan Tobacco to Acquire Bangladesh Company for $1.5 Billion], 06 August 2018, accessed February 2020</ref> JTI products are imported to Nepal via CG EXIM (Nepal) PVT Limited.<Ref name= JTIN> Japan Tobacco International. [https://www.jti.com/asia/nepal Japan Tobacco International in Nepal], undated, accessed February 2020</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:19, 19 February 2020
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	[http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/ Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC)] in Sri Lanka [http://www.ptc.com.pk/ Pakistan Tobacco Company], [http://www.batbangladesh.com/ British American Tobacco Bangladesh] and [https://www.itcportal.com/ ITC Private Limited] are subsidiaries of the [https://www.bat.com/ British American Tobacco (BAT)].<Ref name=BAT> British American Tobacco. [https://www.bat.com/global Our World wide Website], 2017, accessed on February 2020</Ref> Along with Surya Nepal Private Limited (SNPL), a joint venture of BAT and ITC, Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC), Pakistan Tobacco Company and BAT Bangladesh also operates locally and across the region. Even though Maldives and Afghanistan do not have direct investments of BAT, the local agents import and trade BAT brands. Bhutan, with its ban on cigarette trades, allows importation for use, and BAT brands traded via ITC Private Limited are commonly imported from India.		[http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/ Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC)] in Sri Lanka [http://www.ptc.com.pk/ Pakistan Tobacco Company], [http://www.batbangladesh.com/ British American Tobacco Bangladesh] and [https://www.itcportal.com/ ITC Private Limited] are subsidiaries of the [https://www.bat.com/ British American Tobacco (BAT)].<Ref name=BAT> British American Tobacco. [https://www.bat.com/global Our World wide Website], 2017, accessed on February 2020</Ref> Along with Surya Nepal Private Limited (SNPL), a joint venture of BAT and ITC, Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC), Pakistan Tobacco Company and BAT Bangladesh also operates locally and across the region. Even though Maldives and Afghanistan do not have direct investments of BAT, the local agents import and trade BAT brands. Bhutan, with its ban on cigarette trades, allows importation for use, and BAT brands traded via ITC Private Limited are commonly imported from India.

−	[https://www.pmi.com/ Philip Morris International] has listed [https://www.pmi.com/markets/india/en India Philip Morris (IPM)] and [https://www.pmi.com/markets/pakistan/en/about-us/overview Philip Morris (Pakistan) Limited], as their market holders.<Ref name=PMI> Philip Morris International. [https://www.pmi.com/markets Our Markets] Not dated, Accessed February 2020</ref> Godfrey Phillips India is the second highest cigarette market holder in India (13.8%), which 25% of ~~its shared are hold~~ by the India Philip Morris (IPM).<Ref name=profile>Campaign for tobacco free kids. [https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/TI_Profile_%20India_Final.pdf Tobacco Industry Profile India], 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref>Philip Morris Pakistan Limited, the second largest cigarette shareholder in Pakistan has ~~roughly~~ 20% share of the market. PMI also holds shares in [[Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC)]], the subsidiary of British American Tobacco (BAT) of Sri Lanka. According to a [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm PMI publication in 2018], they are in operation at all South Asian countries except for [[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan \| Bhutan]].<ref name = Philip>Philip Morris International. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm 2018 Second-quarter Results July 19 2018], 19 July 2018, accessed February 2020</ref>	+	[https://www.pmi.com/ Philip Morris International] has listed [https://www.pmi.com/markets/india/en India Philip Morris (IPM)] and [https://www.pmi.com/markets/pakistan/en/about-us/overview Philip Morris (Pakistan) Limited], as their market holders in the region.<Ref name=PMI> Philip Morris International. [https://www.pmi.com/markets Our Markets] Not dated, Accessed February 2020</ref> Godfrey Phillips India is the second highest cigarette market holder in India (13.8%), of which, 25% of shares is owned by the India Philip Morris (IPM).<Ref name=profile>Campaign for tobacco free kids. [https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/TI_Profile_%20India_Final.pdf Tobacco Industry Profile India], 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref>Philip Morris Pakistan Limited, the second largest cigarette shareholder in Pakistan has a 20% share of the market. PMI also holds around 8% shares in [[Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC)]], the subsidiary of British American Tobacco (BAT) of Sri Lanka. According to a [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm PMI publication in 2018], they are in operation at all South Asian countries except for [[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan \| Bhutan]].<ref name = Philip>Philip Morris International. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm 2018 Second-quarter Results July 19 2018], 19 July 2018, accessed February 2020</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 19 February 2020
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	[http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/ Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC)] in Sri Lanka [http://www.ptc.com.pk/ Pakistan Tobacco Company], [http://www.batbangladesh.com/ British American Tobacco Bangladesh] and [https://www.itcportal.com/ ITC Private Limited] are subsidiaries of the [https://www.bat.com/ British American Tobacco (BAT)].<Ref name=BAT> British American Tobacco. [https://www.bat.com/global Our World wide Website], 2017, accessed on February 2020</Ref> Along with Surya Nepal Private Limited (SNPL), a joint venture of BAT and ITC, Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC), Pakistan Tobacco Company and BAT Bangladesh also operates locally and across the region. Even though Maldives and Afghanistan do not have direct investments of BAT, the local agents import and trade BAT brands. Bhutan, with its ban on cigarette trades, allows importation for use, and BAT brands traded via ITC Private Limited are commonly imported from India.		[http://www.ceylontobaccocompany.com/ Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC)] in Sri Lanka [http://www.ptc.com.pk/ Pakistan Tobacco Company], [http://www.batbangladesh.com/ British American Tobacco Bangladesh] and [https://www.itcportal.com/ ITC Private Limited] are subsidiaries of the [https://www.bat.com/ British American Tobacco (BAT)].<Ref name=BAT> British American Tobacco. [https://www.bat.com/global Our World wide Website], 2017, accessed on February 2020</Ref> Along with Surya Nepal Private Limited (SNPL), a joint venture of BAT and ITC, Ceylon Tobacco Company PLC (CTC), Pakistan Tobacco Company and BAT Bangladesh also operates locally and across the region. Even though Maldives and Afghanistan do not have direct investments of BAT, the local agents import and trade BAT brands. Bhutan, with its ban on cigarette trades, allows importation for use, and BAT brands traded via ITC Private Limited are commonly imported from India.

−	[https://www.pmi.com/ Philip Morris International] has listed [https://www.pmi.com/markets/india/en India Philip Morris (IPM)] and [https://www.pmi.com/markets/pakistan/en/about-us/overview Philip Morris (Pakistan) Limited], as their market holders.<Ref name=PMI> Philip Morris International. [https://www.pmi.com/markets Our Markets] Not dated, Accessed February 2020</ref> Godfrey Phillips India is the second highest cigarette market holder in India (13.8%), which 25% of its shared are hold by the India Philip Morris (IPM).<Ref name=profile>Campaign for tobacco free kids. [https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/TI_Profile_%20India_Final.pdf Tobacco Industry Profile India], 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref>Philip Morris Pakistan Limited, the second largest cigarette shareholder in Pakistan has roughly 20% share of the market.~~<Ref name=Business/>~~ PMI also holds shares in [[Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC)]], the subsidiary of British American Tobacco (BAT) of Sri Lanka. According to a [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm PMI publication in 2018], they are in operation at all South Asian countries except for [[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan \| Bhutan]].<ref name = Philip>Philip Morris International. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm 2018 Second-quarter Results July 19 2018], 19 July 2018, accessed February 2020</ref>	+	[https://www.pmi.com/ Philip Morris International] has listed [https://www.pmi.com/markets/india/en India Philip Morris (IPM)] and [https://www.pmi.com/markets/pakistan/en/about-us/overview Philip Morris (Pakistan) Limited], as their market holders.<Ref name=PMI> Philip Morris International. [https://www.pmi.com/markets Our Markets] Not dated, Accessed February 2020</ref> Godfrey Phillips India is the second highest cigarette market holder in India (13.8%), which 25% of its shared are hold by the India Philip Morris (IPM).<Ref name=profile>Campaign for tobacco free kids. [https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/TI_Profile_%20India_Final.pdf Tobacco Industry Profile India], 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref>Philip Morris Pakistan Limited, the second largest cigarette shareholder in Pakistan has roughly 20% share of the market. PMI also holds shares in [[Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC)]], the subsidiary of British American Tobacco (BAT) of Sri Lanka. According to a [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm PMI publication in 2018], they are in operation at all South Asian countries except for [[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan \| Bhutan]].<ref name = Philip>Philip Morris International. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200219120231/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1413329/000141332918000036/a201807192018secondquart.htm 2018 Second-quarter Results July 19 2018], 19 July 2018, accessed February 2020</ref>

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 ==Background==
-South Asia, the southern region of the Asian continent, comprises of eight countries namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This region covers  11.7% of the Asian continent and 3.5% of the world's land surface area.<Ref name=UN> United Nations Statistics Division [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/Countries or areas / geographical regions] 17 April 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref> South Asia (SA), hosting 1.5 Billion people, contribute to 23.3% of the world population.<Ref name=SA> South Asian Regional Development Gateway [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121043924/http://www.sardeg.org/marketana.asp,South Asia Regional Overview], 21 November 2008, accessed February 2020</ref>
+South Asia, the southern region of the Asian continent, comprises of eight countries namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This region covers  11.7% of the Asian continent and 3.5% of the world's land surface area.<Ref name=UN1> United Nations Statistics Division [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/Countries or areas / geographical regions] 17 April 2010, accessed February 2020</Ref> South Asia (SA), hosting 1.5 Billion people, contribute to 23.3% of the world population.<Ref name=SA> South Asian Regional Development Gateway [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121043924/http://www.sardeg.org/marketana.asp,South Asia Regional Overview], 21 November 2008, accessed February 2020</ref>
 Tobacco is a major causal factor for the increasing non-communicable disease burden and related premature mortality of the region, hindering its progress on sustainable development.<Ref name=WHO>World Health Organization. [https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/country_profiles/en/country profiles Country Profiles on implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in WHO South East Asia Region], 2020, accessed February 2020</ref><Ref name=SA/>South Asian countries share many similarities in socio-economic contexts as well as in factors related to tobacco use and its control.<Ref name=WHO/> All South Asian countries are Parties to the WHO [[Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)]].

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 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – India]]
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Maldives]]
-*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Nepal]]
+*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Nepal]]
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Pakistan]]
 *[http://tobaccounmasked.lk/index.php?title=Tobacco_Industry_Country_Profile_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lanka Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Sri Lanka]

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 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Afghanistan]]
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Bangladesh]]
-*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Bhutan]]
+*[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile - Bhutan]]
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – India]]
 *[[Tobacco Industry Country Profile – Maldives]]